A bi-directional buck-boost DC-DC converter and its control are presented in this paper for vehicle charging and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) energy transmission. With a greater intermediate DC bus voltage, the cascaded buck-boost design permits overlapping input and output voltage ranges. To increase the converter's transient performance, the intermediate DC-link capacitor voltage is changed. This capacitor's reference voltage is determined by the input and output voltage levels, as well as the power requirement. Simulation and tests were used to assess the converter's modularity, control flexibility, and transient performance. In certain ways, each of the converter topologies has an advantage over the others. For practical applications, feasibility studies have been conducted. To back up the theoretical conclusions, simulation and experimental data are presented for both converter types. Innovative topologies for the power converter system have resulted from hybridization with various electric energy sources and the use of various auxiliary outputs in PEV applications. For PEV applications, this thesis offers a unique bidirectional DC-DC converter with multi-input and multi-output capacity. With the existing controller, a control algorithm has been developed. For the converter system, I designed and constructed a system. To increase the overall system efficiency, a passive auxiliary circuit was utilised to allow soft switching approach in the multiple input condition. To underline the control strategy, simulation and experimental findings have been presented.

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The main aim behind using the multilevel inverters is to reduce the voltage stress on the inverter switches. At the same time the voltage quality is also very important. The power level of the inverter is also vital depending on the applications that it is used for. Voltage quality improves with the number of levels in the inverter. But, to increase the power levels, it is necessary to increase the voltage capacity of the inverter. This paper proposes a new cascaded multilevel converter. In a cascaded multilevel converter, the thesis recommends using fewer H-bridges to create more voltage levels. The converter employs fewer H-bridges, and the suggested switching technique results in a staircase waveform with more voltage levels and equal steps. The angles are selected for the total removal of additional undesirable harmonics since the resultant voltage levels are equal. MATLAB/SIMULINK was used to simulate the switching scheme in single configurations, and the frequency spectrum of the resulting waveform as well as its total harmonic distortion was shown to verify the results. The converter's number of switches is reduced considerably.

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A high power bidirectional dc-dc converter with discontinuous conducting mode (DCM) and low inductance may reach greater power densities while using less power. DCM-related current ripple is minimised to a bare minimum with multiphase interleaved operation. It is required to discharge the energy stored in the capacitor before the device may be turned on. When the active switch is switched on, a complementary gating signal control approach is utilised to turn on the non-active switch, which aids in draining the capacitor and channelling the current through the active switch's anti-parallel diode. This technology achieves zero voltage resonant transition (ZVRT) in principal switches. In addition, utilising this method eliminates parasitic ringing in the inductor current. The approaches suggested in this study are based on snubber capacitors and optimising inductance. For the functioning of a bidirectional DC-DC converter, zero voltage switching is accomplished in this paper.

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Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) have recently piqued attention in the field of high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission technology due to their unique properties. Three essential features of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) MMCs are intimately connected to the modulation and switching schemes utilised by the converters: power quality, converter cost, and system performance. For excellent power quality and performance, high switching frequencies and large cell capacitors are necessary, while for poor power quality and performance, low switching frequencies and tiny cell capacitors are required.In order to minimise the cost of the converter, a high frequency and a tiny cell capacitor are required. It is possible to obtain an appropriate choice of modulation and switching strategy viaan optimal trade-off between these opposing criteria is found.The primary goal of this thesis is to offer a realistic switching technique that is both simple and effective.for HVDC MMCs that strikes a compromise between the previously stated conflicting criteria An examination of the switching pattern of the converter in terms of mathematics, as opposed toAn investigation of the power quality and converter costs has been carried out in order to develop anMMCs that are linked to the grid face an optimization issue. Various goal functions are used.Convertor loss and other aspects of the stated optimization issue are being investigated. Minimising the amount of energy used, minimising voltage imbalance, and minimising computational load specifically, this thesis offers three approaches for achieving various objectives.

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As the name implies, a distribution system is how electricity is distributed to end-users. Because distribution systems are less rigid than grid systems, a voltage drop caused by a rise in RL load might be disastrous for the whole system. As a result, DSTATCOM is an efficient solution for power systems encountering power quality issues.This research looks at one of the possible uses of the static distribution compensator (DSTATCOM) in industrial systems for reducing voltage sag. The presence of voltage sag may lead the system into an unstable state. Hence, it is necessary to mitigate the sag.SIMULINK of MATLAB software was used to create a model of DSTATCOM linked in a shunt configuration to a three-phase supply feeding RL loads. DSTATCOM might be deemed a credible solution for fixing voltage dip issues based on simulation findings. The goal of this thesis is to create a DSTATCOM for inductive and resistive circuits with slight voltage sag.

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Wind energy is a popular renewable energy source that has shown to be a sustainable source of power with little environmental effect. When contemporary wind farms are connected to the grid, they may potentially provide a reliable source of energy to supplement the base power provided by thermal, nuclear, and hydro power plants. Any loss of wind output has major consequences for system stability and may lead to a cascading outage. To incorporate these massive wind farms into the grid, the performance of grid-connected wind farms in both steady state and transient scenarios is required. The bulk of today's large wind generating plants employ doubly fed induction generators. The controller designs are based on classic decoupled vector control methodologies, and the present work uses a sixth-order mathematical model of a grid-connected doubly fed induction generator. The simulations are used to validate the DFIG model for wind energy systems. The whole simulation is run in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.

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Power factor adjustment is critical in the power system since it affects all of the loads. The low power factor is responsible for a slew of negative consequences. Consequently, the performance of all loads is compromised. As a result of having the motors coupled, the winding will be impacted. As a result, there are several negative consequences in the electricity system. As a result, it is necessary to enhance the power factor in every way possible. It is extremely important to have a high-power factor in your system. There is a plethora of approaches that may be used to increase power factors. The most effective approach of increasing the power factor is by reactive power compensation. There are devices that create reactive power at the leading and trailing ends of the spectrum. The reactive power produced by an inductor is trailing, while the reactive power produced by a capacitor is leading. Improved power factor is achieved by the usage of the power factor correction circuit in this study. Various capacitor-based circuits are used in this application

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Power output from utilities has become a growing concern for modern businesses in the previous decade. Because of voltage imbalances, interruptions, and harmonics, equipment might fail due to voltage sag and flicker, two common power quality problems. Voltage level changes can lead Nonlinear-based loads to malfunction because of their highly sensitive electric components. The quality of the electrical grid's power is degraded by the large demand. Stability, voltage management, stable flow, and oscillation damping control are all factors that the FACTS stimulation functions take into account. Inductors and condensers are used to filter the output of four identical multi-level converter guns in this UPQC Modular Matrix converter. The TOTAL Harmonic Distortion of the load voltage and current is reduced by using the bracket currents and voltages to pick a multilayer converter. The UPQC based on a Modular Multilevel Matrix converter was simulated using MATLAB / SIMULINK. Comparison of THD values between the proposed approach and standard UPQC is used to demonstrate its efficacy.

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Pulse Width Modulator (PWM) Modular Multilevel Converters may be controlled using a unique control technique in this paper. There are two parts to the MMC in this case: the upper and lower arms. Cross coupling interactions between submodule and system level parts using neutral dependent sources are recognized by the novel average method used here. The primary goal of this strategy is to keep the PWM modulated DC bus's inherent balance while also improving damping. Improve the damping frequency of the PWM modulated MMC to preserve DC system balancing. The primary goal of this article is to keep the circulating currents and voltage balance in check. To get the necessary ripples analytically, you'll need to track down a good circulating current reference. An artificial neural network (ANN) trained to approximate the link between circulating current references and capacitor voltage ripples is used in this paper to swiftly determine the right circulating current references. The MMC's sophisticated simulation model is used to retrieve the training data. Once the mapping relationship has been established, the ANN is trained using the input-output data to provide the appropriate circulating current references. Arm currents, DC link AC current, and AC grid voltage and current are all included in the simulation findings.

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For renewable energy storage applications, a bi-directional converter using a Fuzzy based simulation is discussed here. It is recommended that a three-phase, bi-directional converter be controlled by an AC/DC and DC/AC filter algorithm, also a DC-DC converter technology for recharging and discharging batteries. The goal of this study is to design and patent a bidirectional DC/DC converter (BDC) for use in hybrid electric vehicle systems so that a main energy storage (ES1) can be connected to a secondary energy storage (ES2) and a dc-bus of various voltage levels. Both step-up and step-down modes of operation are possible, using a bidirectional power flow control system (high voltage dc link energy regeneration mode). Power can flow in both directions through the converter, which is capable of both step-up and step-down operation. It can also control the flow of electricity between any two low voltage sources individually. An energy storage system nd a fuzzy controller are illustrated in simulation results of the proposed system.

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A shopping mall is a place where hundreds of customers visit every day to purchase many items. Now a days shopping malls are increasing rapidly due to availability of all the items ranging from grocery, clothes, vegetables, fruits, etc., in the common place. Trolley is required to collect the items in the shopping mall. Trolley has to be pulled forward or backward while collecting the items. After purchasing the product, the customer has to stand in a long queue for billing their products. To overcome this problem we are developing intelligent trolley for shopping mall. Each and every product in the shopping mall contains the RFID tag and the trolley is fitted with RFID reader. When the customer drops the product in the trolley the reader reads the tag and display the item and the amount in LCD which is fitted in the trolley. After the completion of shopping, the customer will press the finish button in the trolley and total bill is displayed in the LCD and the bill is transferred to the main computer.

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Human Sign Language Recognition can be used to identify the language expressed by hand movements of a person or can identify a sign from an image and express the movements in the form of text and speech. Our main focus is to recognize the hand signs of a person by using CNN model. Sign language is specially used by handicapped to pass on their thoughts. By implementing sign language recognition using machine learning, we can easily recognize, predict, and infer the meaning behind every single gesture in no time.

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Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation reports that the city includes 1466 slums that housed more than 1.8 million people in 2009, according to the Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation. GHMC (Global Health and Medical Center) 2019 The ongoing growth of slums and the consequent increase in their population is a result of individuals relocating from rural areas. A study conducted by Das (2015) found that more than a quarter of the urban population of Hyderabad lives in slums, compared to the national average of 17.5 percent. As previously stated, this share has risen to 33.0 percent of the total population. Attempts by local governments to make cities more visible and competitive globally have pushed the impoverished into peri-urban areas. In Hyderabad, poor farmers are forced to sell their land in 17 villages to help build Cyberabad. A skilled workforce and software industry investment have propelled the growth of this economic sector in Hyderabad and other cities (Das, 2015).95.0 percent of Hyderabad's population has access to water. Despite the intermittent and insufficient supply, the slum population averages 90.0, contributing to health issues such gastrointestinal disorders and skin problems.

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